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The memorial temple of Pharaoh Ramesses III, viewed from a hot air balloon, is a remarkable site steeped in history.
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Description
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Originally, the temple was enclosed within a massive fortified mud-brick wall, constructed during the 20th Dynasty. The entrance was through a fortified gatehouse, or "migdol," resembling an Asiatic fortress. This imposing design added a unique aspect of defense to the temple complex.
To the north of the entrance lies the Temple of Amun, dating back to the 18th Dynasty. It was originally built by Hatshepsut and Thutmose III, and over centuries, it underwent numerous modifications and additions during the 20th, 25th, 26th, 29th, and 30th Dynasties, as well as during the Greco-Roman period. Inside the enclosure, to the south, are the chapels of Amenirdis I, Shepenupet II, and Nitiqret, all of whom held the title "Divine Adoratrice of Amun." A 'Royal Palace,' directly connected to the first courtyard of the temple via the "Window of Appearances," is also located in this area.
The temple's layout begins with the first pylon, leading into an open courtyard. This courtyard is lined with colossal statues of Ramesses III as Osiris on one side, while the other side features uncarved columns. Passing through the second pylon brings visitors into a peristyle hall with columns representing Ramesses III. From here, a ramp ascends through a columned portico to the third pylon and into a large hypostyle hall, which has lost its roof over time.
Beyond the hypostyle hall, several rooms and chapels lead to the sanctuary of the barque of Amun, along with connected storerooms at the rear of the temple.
During the Coptic period, a settlement known as Djeme was established within the temple’s massive enclosure. The name "Djeme" derives from the ancient Egyptian name "Tahut." The inhabitants of Djeme utilized the protection offered by the Medinet Habu complex, constructing brick houses in layers over time. This settlement thrived until the ninth century, leaving a fascinating layer of history within the site's walls.
